被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作,而系表结构中的过去分词起形容词的作用,多强调的是状态。被动语态通常可用by+人或by+抽象名词来表示动作的执行者,而后者则一般不用。
The door of the office was locked by him just now.
办公室的门刚刚被他给锁上了。
(被动结构,强调动作)
The door of the office was locked.
办公室的门锁了。(系表结构,强调状态)
The tree near my house was blow down by the typhoon.
我家附近的树被台风吹倒了。
(被动结构,强调动作)
The tree near my house was blown down when I Passed by.
我路过的时候树已经被吹倒了。
(系表结构,强调状态)
注意: 少数“连系动词be+用作表语的动词-ed形式”也带by短语。
The actor was surrounded by his fans .
这个演员被他的粉丝围住了。(系表结构)
This little lake is surrounded by hills and mountains。
这个小湖周围都是山。
Surrounded(包围)
Huaibei city is know by its Kouzi cellar liquor.
淮北市因其口子窖而为人所知.(系表结构)
city(城市)cellar (地窖)liquor(酒)